Implants in the Anterior Maxilla: Aesthetic Challenges

Copyright © 2015 Sang-Choon Cho et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Esthetic outcomes have become key elements that are critical to defining success in implant restorations. Long-term studies have demonstrated that single or multiple implants are highly predictable with high survival rates. However, in the anterior maxillary zone, the aesthetic success of implant therapy is, for many, as important as the implant survival rates. Several factors contribute to this " success " and can be objectively evaluated. These include the patient's healing capabilities, the level and condition of the existing soft and hard tissues, and the provisional and final restorations. In addition to these objective factors, esthetic perception also plays a significant role in achieving this " success. " This special issue contributes to the growing body of existing literature by examining several important issues related to the aesthetic aspects of maxillary implants and their increasingly important role in implant dentistry. These include esthetic perception, surgical techniques for tissue augmentation, and the esthetics of final implant-supported restorations. One of the esthetic determinants occurring after implant placement is the lack of papilla between implants or between teeth and implants. Whether or not the lack of the interdental papilla leads to significant cosmetic deformities depends on whether shorter papillae may be esthetically tolerated under certain circumstances. Y. C. P. Yu et al. investigated the difference in the perception of aesthetics according to dental specialty. To this goal, the authors used computer assisted asymmetric alteration of the papilla length in the esthetic zone. The results of this study showed that asymmetric deficiencies in papilla length of 2 mm or more are more likely to be perceived as " unattractive. " It should be underlined that many dental professionals perceive even minor asymmetric shortening of the papilla as unattractive. The stability and health of the peri-implant soft tissues are necessary for success and long-term maintenance of dental implants. A two-millimeter wide band of keratinized tissue has long been considered clinically desirable to provide a soft tissue seal around natural teeth. The absence of periodontal ligament and supracrestal fiber attachment around dental implants may increase peri-implant tissue susceptibility to the inflammatory process caused by biofilm accumulation. Therefore, creation of a band of keratinized gingiva around implants is desirable. A. …